Vol. 1, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disorder affecting millions globally, particularly in low-resource settings such as rural Bangladesh, where access to antiepileptic drugs remains limited. Traditional medicinal plants offer a promising alternative due to their accessibility, affordability, and cultural acceptance. Clerodendrum serratum, a medicinal plant used in traditional Bangladeshi and Ayurvedic systems, has shown potential neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects, but limited scientific validation exists regarding its efficacy in epilepsy management. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Clerodendrum serratum using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in Swiss albino mice. Leaves were collected from the Chattogram Hill Tracts, shade-dried, extracted with ethanol, and analyzed using standard phytochemical screening and GC-MS for bioactive compounds. Key compounds identified included phytol, squalene, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Acute toxicity testing showed no mortality up to 2000 mg/kg, confirming safety for pharmacological evaluation. The extract was administered orally at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses for seven days prior to PTZ injection. The extract significantly delayed the onset of seizures, reduced the duration of tonic-clonic convulsions, and lowered mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc test confirmed highly significant differences between treatment and control groups (p<0.001). The findings suggest that the anticonvulsant effect is likely due to modulation of GABAergic activity and neuroprotection via antioxidant pathways. The results were consistent with previous studies on other Clerodendrum species and established phytochemicals. Based on these findings, practical recommendations include promoting C. serratum research, standardization, and development into phytopharmaceuticals, especially for rural epilepsy management in Bangladesh. The study supports the therapeutic potential of C. serratum and advocates for its integration into national healthcare strategies through validated herbal product development and sustainable conservation practices.